SPORTSTER 14,400
                                    CHAPTER 5.  INTERNAL CONTROLS
                                                                 
      
      The commands explained in this chapter
      are of two types.  The first group
      concerns default configurations, for
      example, writing your own power-on
      defaults to nonvolatile random access
      memory (NVRAM).  The remaining commands
      are used to select the modem's local
      operating characteristics, for a current
      session or to include in your default
      configuration.  They include result
      codes, echoing, and other options.
      NOTE:  When you change a default setting
      during a session, the modem retains that
      setting until you do one of the
      following.
          Change the setting again.
          Issue the ATZ command to reset the
           modem to its software defaults.  If
           DIP switch 7 is UP, the modem
           resets to the defaults stored in
           nonvolatile memory (NVRAM).  If DIP
           switch 7 is DOWN, the modem resets
           to the factory settings stored in
           read only memory (ROM).
          Issue the AT&F command to load the
           modem's factory settings.
          Turn the computer off and power it
           on again.  At power-on, the modem
           loads either the nonvolatile
           memory defaults (DIP switch 7 UP)
           or the factory settings (DIP
           switch 7 DOWN).
           
SETTING/USING DEFAULTS

      The modem's read only memory (ROM)
      permanently stores the modem's factory
      settings.  The inclusion of nonvolatile
      random access memory (NVRAM) allows you
      to define your own configuration and
      write the settings to NVRAM as your
      power-on defaults.
      
Writing Defaults to NVRAM (&W)

      When you power on the Sportster 14,400,
      it loads the settings stored in NVRAM if
      DIP switch 7 is UP (factory setting).
      Until
      you write your own settings to NVRAM,
      the defaults stored there are the same
      as the permanent ROM factory settings.
      You'll find a list of NVRAM options and
      factory settings in Appendix B.  You can
      also display them by selecting option 5
      of the I (inquiry) command.
             ATI5 <Enter>
      If you've sent the modem commands to
      change settings through-out your session
      and want to save your current
      configuration, send just the &W command.
      The current settings are written to
      NVRAM.
             AT&W <Enter>
      You may also specify the entire
      configuration in a single command string
      that ends with the &W command.  The
      following example sets the modem for the
      current session and stores the
      configuration in NVRAM.
             AT X4 &B1 &H1 M3 &W <Enter>
      After sending a configuration to NVRAM,
      you can change any setting just for the
      current session, as in the following
      example.  The NVRAM configuration
      remains intact.
             ATX3 <Enter>
      But if you want the new setting to be a
      default, write it to NVRAM at the same
      time, as in the following example.  X3
      is substituted for the X4 setting stored
      earlier.
             AT X3 &W <Enter>
             
Loading the Factory Defaults (&F)

      If DIP switch 7 is DOWN, the permanent
      read-only factory settings are loaded at
      power-on instead of the NVRAM defaults.
      Factory settings for the options that
      are stored in NVRAM are in Appendix B.
      If the NVRAM defaults are loaded at
      power-on (DIP switch 7 UP) and you want
      to load the factory defaults instead,
      use the following command.
             AT&F <Enter>
      If NVRAM defaults are loaded, but you
      want to view a screen listing of factory
      defaults, first load them (&F), to make
      them the current settings.  Then include
      the I4 inquiry option to display a
      listing of the new settings, as in the
      following example.
             AT&F I4 <Enter>
      To restore your NVRAM defaults, use the
      ATZ command described next.  (DIP
      switch 7 must be UP.)
      
Reset (Z)

      If you've changed several current
      settings and want to reset to your power-
      on defaults, type the following command.
             ATZ <Enter>
      The modem reads its DIP switch settings
      and resets either to its NVRAM defaults
      (DIP switch 7 UP) or factory settings
      (DIP switch 7 DOWN).
      NOTE:  Use the ATZ command if you've
      changed the position of DIP switches
      2O5 while the modem is on, so that the
      modem can read the new settings.  The
      only other way to initiate a new set
      ting for switches 2O5 is to turn the
      modem off and on again.
      
Storing a Phone Number (&Zs)

      You can store your most frequently
      dialed phone number in NVRAM.  Use the
      &Zs command, where s is the phone-number
      string of the remote modem.
      The number string may be up to 36
      characters long, including any Dial
      command options.  The following example
      includes the
      tone-dial (T) and wait for a second dial
      tone (W) options of the Dial command.
             AT&ZT9W5551234 <Enter>
      The following example stores a long-
      distance number.  We've added spaces for
      readability.
             AT&Z 1 516 555 1234 <Enter>
      The DS command is used to dial the
      stored number.
             ATDS <Enter>
      NOTE:  Do not include modem settings in
      the &Z string.  If the call requires a
      special setting, insert it in the
      command string before the DS command.
      In the following example, &M0 (no error
      control) is inserted before the Dial
      command.
             AT&M0 DS <Enter>
      This establishes &M0 as the current
      setting.  To return to default error-
      control mode after the call, issue the
      following command.
             AT&M4 <Enter>
             
RESULT CODES

      Four commands control the result codes
      that the modem returns to the screen.
      Vn      Numeric/verbal response mode
      Qn      Display/suppress all result
          codes
      Xn      Result code options
      &An     Display/suppress additional
          result code options
          
Response Modes (Vn)

      Result codes are sent to the screen in
      either words (Verbal mode) or numbers
      (Numeric mode).  The Sportster 14,400 is
      factory-set to Verbal mode when it is
      powered on (DIP switch 2 is UP).  Use
      the Vn command to select verbal or
      numeric result codes for a current
      session, independently of the DIP switch
      setting.
      At power-on and reset, the modem
      operates according to the DIP switch
      setting.  The Vn command is not stored
      in nonvolatile memory as a power-
      on/reset default.
      V0 Numeric mode.  Numeric result codes
          are followed by a Carriage Return
          but no Line Feed, as in the
          following example, where a 3 is
          returned (for NO CARRIER).
             ATD1234567 <Enter>
             becomes
             3TD1234567 <Enter>
      V1 Verbal mode.  Verbal responses are
          preceded and followed by a Carriage
          Return and a Line Feed, as shown
          below.
             ATD1234567 <Enter>
             NO CARRIER
             
Quiet Mode (Qn)

      Enable/suppress the display of result
      codes.  The Sportster 14,400 is shipped
      with DIP switch 3 DOWN, to display
      result codes.  Use the Qn command to
      control the display for a current
      session, independently of the switch
      setting.
      At power-on and reset, the modem
      operates according to the DIP switch
      setting.  The Qn command is not stored
      in nonvolatile memory as a power-
      on/reset default.
      Q0 Result codes are displayed.
      Q1 Result codes are suppressed (made
          quiet).
      Q2 Result codes are suppressed only in
          Answer mode.
          
Result Code Options (Xn)

      You have five options, X0 through X4,
      for selecting the result code set best
      suited to your applications, as shown in
      Table 5.1 on the next page.  Definitions
      are listed in Table 5.2.
      X0 Basic set, returns the first five
          codes (0O4) in the following table.
      X1 Extended set, codes 0O5, 10, 13 and
          18, that adds rate-specific CONNECT
          messages to the Basic set.
          Default.  This set also includes
          all &A result codes.
      X2-4These options include the X1 set,
          call-progress codes 6 or 7, and 8,
          and the functions listed in the
          table.
              Table 5.1_Result Code Options
                       
                              Setting
          Result Codes    X0 X1X2 X3 X4
          0/OK                   
          1/CONNECT              
          2/RING                 
          3/NO CARRIER           
          4/ERROR                
          5/CONNECT 1200          
          6/NO DIAL TONE            
          7/BUSY                    
          8/NO ANSWER               
          10/CONNECT 2400         
          13/CONNECT 9600         
          18/CONNECT 4800         
          20/CONNECT 7200         
          21/CONNECT 12000        
          25/CONNECT 14400        
          Functions
          Adaptive Dialing         
          Wait for 2nd Dial Tone (W)
                         
          Wait for Answer (@)        
          
          Fast Dial                 
          NOTE:  Additional CONNECT messages
          indicate an error-control
          connection, the modulation for a
          call, or the type of error control
          and data compression used.  See
          Additional Result Code Options
          (&An), following this section.
       Table 5.2_Result Code Definitions
                       
Result Code Meaning
0/OK        Command has been executed
1/CONNECT   Connection established with
            another modem; if set to X0,
            connection may be at 300, 1200,
            2400, 7200, 9600, 12K or 14.4K
            bps; if X1 or higher, connection
            is at 300 bps
2/RING      Incoming ring detected
3/NO CARRIER     Carrier detect has failed or
            carrier has been dropped due to
            disconnect
4/ERROR     Command is invalid
5/CONNECT 1200   Connection established with
            another modem at 1200 bps
6/NO DIAL TONE   Dial tone not detected during
            the normal 2 seconds, set in
            Register S6
7/BUSY      Busy signal detect; modem hangs up
8/NO ANSWER After waiting 5 seconds for an
            answer, modem hangs up; returned
            instead of NO CARRIER when the @
            option is used
10/CONNECT 2400  Connection established with
            another modem at 2400 bps
13/CONNECT 9600  Connection established at
            reported rate.  Same meaning for
            results of 4800 (18), 7200 (20),
            12K (21) and 14.4K (25) bps
Adaptive Dialing The modem attempts to use
            Touch-Tone dialing and, if that
            doesn't work on the line, reverts
            to rotary dialing.
Wait for Another The modem continues dialing
            as soon as it detects another
    Dial Tone (W)dial tone.  See the dial
            options in Chapter 6.
Wait for an The modem continues dialing when
            it detects 5 seconds of
    Answer (@)   silence on the line.  See the
            dial options in Chapter 6.
Fast Dial   The modem dials immediately on
            dial-tone detect, instead of
            waiting the normal 2 seconds set
            in Register S6.  See S-Registers
            in Appendix B.
Additional Result Code Options (&An)

      Use this command to enable/disable one
      of the following sets of error control,
      modulation or protocol result codes.
      &A0ARQ (error-control) codes are
          disabled.  This setting does not
          affect an error-control connection;
          the modem returns standard CONNECT
          messages if result codes are
          enabled.
         If you select &A0 and then encounter
          software problems, it may be
          because your software expects to
          find the default &A1 result codes.
          For example, some communications
          software allows you to specify in
          the setup program the model of
          USRobotics modem you are using.
          The software then tries to use the
          default settings for that modem; a
          discrepancy from the defaults may
          cause problems.  Review your
          software documentation, and set the
          modem to &A1 if necessary.
      &A1ARQ codes are enabled.  Default.
          One of the results below is shown
          when a successful error-control
          connection is established.
          CONNECT/ARQ is displayed if the mo
          dem is set to X0 (see the next
          section) and the connection is
          between 1200 to  14.4K bps.  The
          remaining results indicate
          connection rate and require X1
          (default) or above.  If your
          software cannot handle the ARQ
          codes, select &A0.
          14/CONNECT/ARQ   19/CONNECT
          4800/ARQ
          15/CONNECT 1200/ARQ 24/CONNECT
          7200/ARQ
          16/CONNECT 2400/ARQ 22/CONNECT
          12000/ARQ
          17/CONNECT 9600/ARQ 26/CONNECT
          14400/ARQ
      &A2V32 modulation codes are enabled.
          These results require a setting of
          X1 or higher.  If your software
          cannot handle the added modulation
          information, select &A1 or &A0.
       33/CONNECT 9600/V32    41/CONNECT
      12000/V32
       37/CONNECT 9600/ARQ/V3242/CONNECT
      12000/ARQ/V32           38/CONNECT
      4800/V32            44/CONNECT
      7200/ARQ/V32
       39/CONNECT 4800/ARQ/V3245/CONNECT
      14400/V32
       40/CONNECT 7200/V32    46/CONNECT
      14400/ARQ/V32
      &A3Protocol codes are enabled.  Error-
          control protocols reported are LAPM
          or MNP.  When the call is not under
          one of those protocols (and ARQ is
          not included in the result code),
          the modem reports NONE, for no
          protocol.
         If the modems are using data
          compression, the type of
          compression, V42BIS or MNP5, is
          added to the result code.  In the
          first of the following examples,
          the modems negotiated error control
          for the call (ARQ), used V.32 bis
          modulation, are using the LAPM
          error-control protocol, and are
          using V.42 bis compression.
          CONNECT 14400/ARQ/V32/LAPM/V42BIS[or
          MNP/MNP5]
          CONNECT 9600/ARQ/V32/LAPM/V42BIS[or
          MNP/MNP5]
          CONNECT 4800/ARQ/V32/LAPM/V42BIS[or
          MNP/MNP5]
          CONNECT 2400/ARQ/MNP/MNP5[or LAPM/V4
          2BIS]
          CONNECT 2400/NONE
         Although these codes will return
          numeric identifiers if DIP switch 2
          is DOWN or you've set the modem to
          V0, they are the same numeric
          identifiers used for &A2 result
          codes.  If you want &A3 protocol
          indicators, use Verbal mode (V1),
          and not Numeric mode (V0).
         If your software cannot handle the
          added protocol information, select
          &A2, &A1 or &A0.
          
LOCAL ECHO

      Local echo is the display of what you
      type at the keyboard and data the
      Sportster 14,400 transmits to another
      modem.  The En command controls the
      display of your typed commands, when
      the modem is in Command mode.  The Fn
      command applies when the modem is
      online to another system.
      
Command Mode Local Echo (En)

      The Sportster 14,400 is shipped with DIP
      switch 4 UP, enabling local echo.  The
      En command controls the local echo for a
      current session, independently of the
      switch setting.  At power-on and reset,
      the modem operates according to the DIP
      switch setting.
      The En command is not stored in
      nonvolatile memory as a power-on/reset
      default.
      E0 Command Mode echo OFF.  The modem
          does not display keyboard commands.
      E1 Command Mode echo ON.
      NOTE:  If double characters appear on
      the screen, both the modem's local echo
      and your software's local echo are on.
      
Online Local Echo (Fn)

      This command causes the modem to display
      a copy of the data it is transmitting to
      another system.  Many systems, however,
      return a copy of received data, which is
      called a remote echo.  If the modem's
      online echo is ON and there is also
      remote echoing, double characters appear
      on the screen.
      In some microcomputer documentation, the
      term duplex is applied to local online
      echoing, although the term is not techni
      cally accurate.
      F0 Online echo ON.  Sometimes called
          half duplex.  As the modem transmits
          data to a remote system, it also
          sends a copy of the data to the
          screen.
      F1   Online echo OFF.  Sometimes called
      full duplex.  Default.
      
THE AUDIO MONITOR

      The modem's speaker enables you to
      monitor the dial-connect process.  There
      are several ways to make use of this
      feature.  After the Sportster 14,400
      dials a number, it waits up to 60
      seconds for a high-pitched answer tone
      from the other modem, immediately
      followed by data signals, called a
      carrier.  These signals must occur
      before a data link is established.
      At the default X1 setting, if someone
      answers the phone or if the line is
      busy, the modem sends you the NO CARRIER
      message after 60 seconds.  If you listen
      to the speaker, you can respond
      immediately, instead of waiting for the
      modem to time out, by pressing any key
      on the keyboard.  This cancels the call.
      You can also hear if dialing is
      proceeding too quickly for the system.
      Terminate the call (press any key) and
      retype the Dial command, but insert a
      comma (,) or a couple of slashes (/),
      to have the modem pause during the
      dialing process.
      
Speaker Control (Mn)

      This command disables the speaker
      entirely or sets the speaker to monitor
      different segments of the dial-connect
      sequence.
      M0 This setting disables the speaker
          entirely so that you don't hear the
          modem go off hook, dial, etc.
      M1 The speaker is ON until Carrier
          Detect.  Default.  You can monitor
          call progress until the Sportster
          14,400 detects the remote modem's
          carrier signals, or until the 60-
          second timeout and result code
          display.  At Carrier Detect, the
          modem disconnects the speaker and
          data transmission sounds are
          suppressed.
      M2 The speaker is ON continuously,
          including during data transmission.
      M3 The speaker doesn't go ON until
          after the last digit is dialed,
          then goes OFF at Carrier Detect.
          
S-REGISTERS

      The S-Registers are used to set various
      timing parameters, redefinition of
      selected ASCII characters, and other
      configuration options.  The defaults
      reflect typical requirements.
      A detailed summary of the S-Register
      functions is in Appendix B.  A less
      detailed summary is in the Quick-
      Reference card.

